MMIC PBL BLOG POST


Particular of patient
Name: Khong Fay Seah
Sex: Female
Age: 27years old

Clinical diagnosis
Complaints: fever, chills and dysuria
Diagnosis : Urinary tract infection
Antibiotic treatment: NIL

Description of urinary tract infection

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary tract. Urine is sterile and contain no bacteria. When bacteria gets into bladder or kidney, it cause UTI. There are three kinds of UTI which are cystitis, pyelonephritis and urethritis. Cystitis is infection of bladder, pyelonephritis is infection of kidney and Urethritis is the infection of urethra.

Possible causative agents

1)Escherichia coli (Most common cause of UTI)

• Belongs to family of Enterobacteriaceae(Escherichia)
• Clinical findings: UTI(Pyelonephritis and Cystitis), diarrhea disease
• Is a member of normal intestinal flora
• Treatment: ampicillin, cephalosporin, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides

2)Staphylococcus saprophyticus(Second most common cause of UTI)

• Belongs to family of staphylococci
• Clinical findings: Urinary tract infection
• Present in the urinary tract and bladder of sexually active females
• Treatment:Quinilone

3)Klebsielle Pneumoniae

• Belongs to family of Enterobacteriaceae(Klesbsiella)
• Clinical findings: urinary tract infection
• Present in the respiratory tract and feces of about 5% normal individuals
• Treatment : Cephalosporin

4)Enterobacter aerogenes

• Belongs to family of Enterobacteriaceae(Enterobacter)
• Clinical findings: urinary tract infections and sepsis
• Present in the intestinal tract
• Treatment : cephalosporin

5)Proteus mirabilis

• Belongs to family of Enterobacteriaceae(Proteus)
• Clinical findings: urinary tract infections and produce bacteremia, pneumonia
• Treatment: penicillin, cephalosporins,quinolones

6)Enterococcus faecalis

• Belongs to family of Streptococci
• Clinical findings: abdominal abscess, urinary tract infection((bladder infection, Pyelonephritis)
• Present in colon
• Treatment: vancomycin,ampicillin

7)Pseudonomas aeruginosa

• Belongs to family of Pseudomonads
• Distributed in nature and is commonly present in moist environments in hospital
• Clinical findings: typically infects the pulmonary tract, urinary tract(Pyelonephritis)
• Treatment : ciprofloxacin,imipenam

Reference

1)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_tract_infection>urinary tract infection

2)Geo.F.Brooks,Janet S.Butel,Stephen A.Morse (2004).Jawetz,Melnick&Adelberg’SMedical Microbiology,twenty third edition: Lange Medical Books/ McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division

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